Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Momordica Charantia (bitter Gourd) Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (hplc) and Fourier Transform Infrared (ftir) Spectroscopy

The study of analysis of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of M. charantia was carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The qualitative phytochemical analysis of aqueous and ethanol extracts showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins. The result of quantitative phytochemical/phytonutrient of the aqueous and ethanol extracts revealed the highest concentration of Ascorbic acid (31276.43±0.015), thiamine (713.27±0.020), Alpha-tocopherol (714.67±0.011), and beta-carotene (68.35±0.012) µg /100 g in ethanol than aqueous leaves extracts. However, cardiac glycosides in both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts show the value 42.54±0.015 mg/100 g and 61.44±0.006 mg/100 g respectively. Whereas total sugar, 0.1865±0.001 %, and water soluble protein 0.0415±0.001 % and reducing sugar 0.0745±0.001 % has the lowest value both in aqueous and ethanol extracts. The result of FTIR peak value and functional group of aqueous extract have strong adsorption peaks at 3302.88 cm-1 (sharp) 2936.74 cm-1 (broad), 1556.11 cm-1 ; (Sharp) 1410.94 cm-1 (Small), which correspond to the presence of hydroxyl (OH), alkane (C-H) Carbonyl and aromatic rings functional groups respectively. Ethanol extract showed broad peak value at 3309.77 cm-1 of OH groups, sharp and strong peak 2927.84 cm-1 of alkane, small and weak peaks of alkenes 1714.43 cm-1 and 1591.29 cm-1 ethyl acetate. Therefore, the aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts are rich source of mineral which could be beneficial to human beings, while taking the extract for more than a week are strongly inhibited many pathogenic bacteria and fungi strains.