Phytochemical Screening and Histopathatology of Aqueous and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Bitter Gourd (momordica Charantia) on Experimental Albino Rats Organs

The effect of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts was determine against histology of liver, kidney and spleen. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of aqueous and ethanolic M.Charantia leaf extracts was carried out. Albino rats were grouped in a five group of five rats each and distributed randomly. The first group was given 2ml of normal saline, remain groups were treated with 200mg/kg body weight and 400mg/kg body weight of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts M.Charantia for 21 days. After the experimental period, the rats were sacrifice and organs (liver, kidney and spleen) were collected for histopthalogical analysis. Qualitative phytochemical analysis shows the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and phenols. Histopathological analysis of spleen shows hyperlassia of the red pulp in groups treated with 200mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract and white pulp hyperplasia in group treated with ethanolic extracts when compared to normal controls and is dose-dependent. Group treated with 200mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract shows mild glomerular degeneration compared to normal group. Enlarge vascular channel and congested in group treated with 400mg/kg body weight aqueous extract in liver while group treated with 400mg/kg body weight of ethanolic extract shows enlarge partal trait vascular congestion with inflammatory cells within congested blood fibrous tissue when compared to normal group liver. In conclusion, aqueous and ethanolic Momordica Charantia leaf extracts has mild effect on the organs of the rats.